IP address and VPN guides

Plain-English answers to the most common questions about IP addresses and online privacy.

IP address basics

IPv4 vs IPv6, public vs private, and what your IP reveals about you.

The two kinds of IP address, and why IPv6 exists.

Find your default gateway on Windows, Mac, iPhone and Android.

VPNs, Tor, proxies and mobile data, compared on privacy, speed and cost.

Surfshark, NordVPN, Proton VPN and more, compared side by side.

Six quick tests for IP, DNS, IPv6 and WebRTC leaks.

Why websites put you in the wrong city, and how to fix it.

Get a new public or local IP on any device, step by step.